SCO Summit 2025


SCO Summit 2025: Key Facts and Analysis

Summit Overview

  • The 25th SCO Heads of State Council Summit took place from August 31 to September 1, 2025, in Tianjin, China, marking the largest edition in the organization’s history and the fifth hosted by China.
  • The primary venue was the Tianjin Meijiang International Convention and Exhibition Center.
  • The Chinese leadership’s theme was “Advancing the Shanghai Spirit: SCO in Action”, serving as both the summit’s guiding motto and a call for proactive regional collaboration.

Preparatory Events & Agenda

  • July 2025 saw several pre-summit events in Tianjin:
    • The SCO Digital Economy Forum on July 11, attracting over 1,500 participants from governments, businesses, academia, and think tanks.
    • The Council of Foreign Ministers meeting on July 15 established key summit preparations and approved the draft “Tianjin Declaration” and a ten-year SCO development strategy.
  • The summit itself culminated in the adoption of 24 documents, including:
    • Tianjin Declaration
    • SCO Development Strategy until 2035
    • A Statement commemorating the 80th anniversary of WWII and United Nations foundation
    • Establishment of new institutions like the SCO Disaster Assistance Fund/Mechanism, an Anti-Drug Center, and a Universal Center for Countering Security Threats.
  • Lao PDR was granted Dialogue Partner status, and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) received Observer status in the SCO framework.
  • Cholpon-Ata (Kyrgyzstan) was designated the SCO Tourist and Cultural Capital for 2025–2026.
  • After the summit, the chairmanship passed to Kyrgyzstan, which introduced the theme: “25 Years of the SCO: together for a stable world, development, and prosperity.”

Participation and Diplomacy

  • The summit brought together over 20 heads of state, including leaders from India (Modi), Russia (Putin), Iran, Pakistan, Belarus, and various Central Asian nations.
  • It also involved numerous observer and dialogue partner nations, strengthening cross-regional ties.

Geopolitical Messaging & Outcomes

  • Xi Jinping used the summit to denounce “Cold War mentality” and “bullying countries,” messaging against Western power blocs while calling for multilateral cooperation.
  • Vladimir Putin blamed the West for the Ukraine conflict, calling it provoked by Western actions.
  • The summit emphasized enhanced regional security through counterterrorism, cybersecurity collaboration, and peacebuilding.
  • It also focused on economic cooperation, including China’s proposal for an SCO development bank and investment in green energy, including solar and wind corridors and yuan-denominated energy deals—a strategic move dubbed the “electro-yuan”.

Diplomatic Symbolism

  • The presence and camaraderie of the "RIC trio" – Modi, Putin, and Xi – were on full display, signaling strategic alignment and goodwill. Handshakes, smiles, and public embraces underscored a tripartite diplomatic gesture.
  • A notable private 45-minute car meeting between Modi and Putin on the summit sidelines sparked reactions in Washington and Islamabad, raising eyebrows about shifting allegiances.
  • India's diplomatic balancing act—courting both Western and Eastern blocs—gained attention, with prompts from Ukraine’s President Zelensky to PM Modi before the summit highlighting India’s growing geopolitical weight.

Summary

The SCO Summit 2025 in Tianjin marked a diplomatic high point for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It advanced strategic dialogue across security, economics, and multilateral cooperation, while showcasing a vision of a multipolar global order. Through institutional expansions and bold geopolitical narratives, the summit may have reshaped regional alliances and sent clear signals to Western power structures.

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